Nationalists are portrayed as rough, nasty, working-class, with bad taste in tattos, tend to regard flags as clothing, and are just plain lunatic-fringe. Need I say 'Nigel Farage' to make my point? What presently defines Nationalists is a dislike of the foreigners who have taken their jobs and council housing, filled the schools with children who don't speak English and whose parents make demands for special treatment, and generally lowered the native's standard of living towards their own. Nationalism is driven by hate and that's not a look most people want to wear.
Nationalism needs to be mainstream-friendly. Which means it needs to be re-phrased as a positive ideology that loves all people, but gives economic, political and and social preference to native-borns. It needs to spell out policies that explain how a child born to two UK citizens is going to get a useful education, a starter job, and within five years a job that pays enough for them to see some kind of future involving partners, children and home ownership. Because if it doesn’t, then the ordinary people won’t feel as if it is addressing their real needs.
There are two truths about the labour market: a) every migrant or offshored worker takes away a job that a national could have been trained to do, and b) someone decides to hire the migrants and offshores the jobs and it ain’t the working man. Reducing and discouraging the use of migrant or offshore labour is only a third of the solution. Another third is making the national population employable. And the final third is having employers making products and providing services that are valued enough to let them pay a decent wage.
An employer that really can’t make a profit unless they pay under minimum wage is either making a product that no-one much wants, or doesn’t know how to present it so that they can charge a decent price for it and so pay their workers. (The truth is that employers who complain about wage rates are mostly just plain greedy. The bosses see that £1/hour as money they personally could be getting. If adding £1/hour to their workers’ wages really will sink the company, it probably doesn’t deserve to be floating.)
A mainstream-friendly Nationalist would emphasise good business practice, a living wage, be tough on greedy businessmen (who are very often the ones employing migrant and offshore labour), talk about training and work acculturation, and about the life people want to lead. And every now and then throw in the condition that the people who were born here get first-served. They would blame the people who are actually to blame: bad, incompetent, greedy businessmen and the politicians who support them. And they would praise firms that pay well, make products people want to pay for and employ and train nationals.
Try these for size...
When every British citizen who is able to work after suitable training (and in some cases also acculturation) is working, then employers can import Bulgarian builders and Australian programmers. Foreign workers - imported or offshored - are allowed only to companies with training programs that will make the employment of foreign workers un-necessary in two years.
British citizenship is for people born in the UK both of whose parents are British citizens. If one or other of the parents isn’t British, they can sort out the child’s non-British citizenship for themselves. British citizens who marry non-British citizens can bring their spouse to the UK, but nobody can marry into citizenship. When they get divorced, the non-citizen partner has to go home.
Everyone is welcome to come to the UK and enjoy the cultural, scenic, recreational and educational opportunities available. People with huge fortunes who want to buy property and spend their money in the UK are welcome. Paying a £350,000 annual fee (offset against their tax bill) for enjoying the benefits of honest civil servants, policemen and judges, plus the other benefits of the British State, will be no problem for them.
Non-citizens have to go home when they run out of money or can’t find work (after, say, four weeks) after their current employer lets them go. Family go with them: they have a right to a family life, but not to choose the country where they enjoy that right.
Anyone, British citizen or not, who pays their due taxes in the UK gets all the benefits that the UK State provides. Except unemployment.
Any foreign national who commits a crime gets sent home, with their family. They can appeal once they have landed at the other side. The jury says “Guilty” and the accused and her family are going home the same day. This works retrospectively for people who have already settled in the UK. If they are broke, we’ll pay the costs of sending them all back. They don’t get to come back in again. Any assets they have can be seized to pay the fines and costs. Note that since entering a country illegally is a crime, illegal immigrants will be sent home immediately. (And no legal aid for handling immigration issues and appeals. Everyone has a right to legal counsel, just not for free.)
The British Government will place the interests of its citizens first in all policies, negotiations and legislation. (Now there’s a radical idea!). Once the people believe that, the amount of ill-will and all-round cussedness for which the English are noted will decline. Within the decade.
Monday, 21 March 2016
Monday, 14 March 2016
Read Andrew Gelman, He Is Our Master In Everything Statistical
I’m doing this to prove I’m still alive. I’ve been working hard on my Riemann-Roch essay when I haven’t been, you know, doing the day job and hefting iron, and this weekend, giving the ornamental grasses their winter savaging and keeping the lawn from getting out of control.
If you’re remotely interested in the philosophy of science, statistics, or read science articles in the press, or even research in medical, sociological and psychology journals, or you're into business analysis and insight, or are likely to believe “studies” that prove people with more facial hair are likely to be more sexist, then you need to be reading Andrew Gelman’s blog, and especially this paper on the Garden of Forking Paths. A few weeks of doing so, and catching up with the previous posts, will soon set you straight. I would go so far to say that you should not read one more newspaper “science” article until you understand the idea behind the Garden of Forking paths. Also read his contribution to the ASA report on p-values.
Professor Gelman is the only other person I’ve read who references Imre Lakatos, who was a philosopher of science at the LSE in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Recently, as with this post Professor Gelman has been hitting his stride on the issue of low-quality and junk research. That particular post is as polemical, prescriptive and on-the-money as anything Lakatos ever wrote.
He has serious technical chops, having co-created a Bayesian inference language called STAN, and co-authored the first textbook on Bayesian statistics I’ve found convincing. He also has serious common sense and if you don’t believe a statistician can demonstrate sprezzatura then read this.
(Now I’m going back to trying to be sure that, just because I can embed a Riemann surface into a complex projective curve, doesn’t mean that it is a projective curve. I think it means that Riemann surfaces are like cross-sections of projective curves.)
PS: The title is a light-hearted reference to what Gauss said about Euler: "Lisez Euler, lisez Euler, c'est notre maître à tous."
If you’re remotely interested in the philosophy of science, statistics, or read science articles in the press, or even research in medical, sociological and psychology journals, or you're into business analysis and insight, or are likely to believe “studies” that prove people with more facial hair are likely to be more sexist, then you need to be reading Andrew Gelman’s blog, and especially this paper on the Garden of Forking Paths. A few weeks of doing so, and catching up with the previous posts, will soon set you straight. I would go so far to say that you should not read one more newspaper “science” article until you understand the idea behind the Garden of Forking paths. Also read his contribution to the ASA report on p-values.
Professor Gelman is the only other person I’ve read who references Imre Lakatos, who was a philosopher of science at the LSE in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Recently, as with this post Professor Gelman has been hitting his stride on the issue of low-quality and junk research. That particular post is as polemical, prescriptive and on-the-money as anything Lakatos ever wrote.
He has serious technical chops, having co-created a Bayesian inference language called STAN, and co-authored the first textbook on Bayesian statistics I’ve found convincing. He also has serious common sense and if you don’t believe a statistician can demonstrate sprezzatura then read this.
(Now I’m going back to trying to be sure that, just because I can embed a Riemann surface into a complex projective curve, doesn’t mean that it is a projective curve. I think it means that Riemann surfaces are like cross-sections of projective curves.)
PS: The title is a light-hearted reference to what Gauss said about Euler: "Lisez Euler, lisez Euler, c'est notre maître à tous."
Wednesday, 2 March 2016
I pledged $150 to Mike Cernovich’s Kickstarter for his movie on Free Speech. That speaks louder than any words I’m likely to write.
It’s cold. I can’t enjoy eating because of the braces on my lower jaw. I’m just about over the fever I had a couple of weeks ago. At least I’m working on the R-R essay, which I thought I had given up on entirely. And I started looking through the photographs I’ve been taking over the years because I’d like to print some out and make a couple of collages, and that was totally disheartening. They are terrible. I used to be able to see pictures, but now it seems I can’t and haven’t been able to for years. Unless it’s a snapshot of somewhere utterly wonderful, like Castelejo.
It isn’t that I’ve run out of things to say, it’s that I no longer have the motivation to say them. The political elite seem more and more out of touch with what we-the-people actually believe. The US Presidential election – assuming that Trump doesn’t get assassinated by a “single loan nut” – is going to be won by a populist right-wing businessman who is going to spend at least five years discomforting the political classes (Hillary doesn’t have a hope in hell, since her constituency consists entirely of some black voters and feminist women over about 35). The British people are just likely to vote the UK out of the EU, when the UK political class will throw a huge hissy fit as the populists of both parties elbow their way up to the trough. There is a serious chance that Boris Johnson might be PM. (Yea, go Boris!) Apple and the FBI? It’s a non-debate: no, the US executive branch cannot have the power to compel anyone to do anything, which is what they are after. All those BS gender issues? Tired and bored. Manosphere stuff? I haven’t really changed my position on any of that for a couple of years. Immigration? Let us deport convicted foreign criminals without appeal, forbid the entry of convicted criminals, and train and employ the 7 million or so people born here who need to work. Then you can import Bulgarian builders and Polish council workers. We should be regarding imported labour as a stop-gap while we train British-born people. Immigration at the moment is treason against the native people. But I’ve said this already.
Over the weekend, I pledged $150 to Mike Cernovich’s Kickstarter for his movie on Free Speech. That speaks louder than any words I’m likely to write.
It isn’t that I’ve run out of things to say, it’s that I no longer have the motivation to say them. The political elite seem more and more out of touch with what we-the-people actually believe. The US Presidential election – assuming that Trump doesn’t get assassinated by a “single loan nut” – is going to be won by a populist right-wing businessman who is going to spend at least five years discomforting the political classes (Hillary doesn’t have a hope in hell, since her constituency consists entirely of some black voters and feminist women over about 35). The British people are just likely to vote the UK out of the EU, when the UK political class will throw a huge hissy fit as the populists of both parties elbow their way up to the trough. There is a serious chance that Boris Johnson might be PM. (Yea, go Boris!) Apple and the FBI? It’s a non-debate: no, the US executive branch cannot have the power to compel anyone to do anything, which is what they are after. All those BS gender issues? Tired and bored. Manosphere stuff? I haven’t really changed my position on any of that for a couple of years. Immigration? Let us deport convicted foreign criminals without appeal, forbid the entry of convicted criminals, and train and employ the 7 million or so people born here who need to work. Then you can import Bulgarian builders and Polish council workers. We should be regarding imported labour as a stop-gap while we train British-born people. Immigration at the moment is treason against the native people. But I’ve said this already.
Over the weekend, I pledged $150 to Mike Cernovich’s Kickstarter for his movie on Free Speech. That speaks louder than any words I’m likely to write.
Monday, 22 February 2016
Homotopy Type Theory
I’ve had the Univalent Foundations Program’s book on Homotopy Type Theory on my to-read list for quite a while after reading about the project on Michael Harris’s blog. For some reason, recovering from a nasty fever was the exact right time to skim-read the bits I would know about, viz, the Introduction, and the chapters on Set Theory, Category Theory and real numbers.
Call me a rude mechanical but I’ve always thought that people who go in for type theories have missed a number of points. Yes I do know that Homotopy Type Theory is currently the subject of active research by people who are cleverer in their sleep on a bad day than I am awake on a good day, but as someone once remarked about the "highly motivated individuals" that were popular in recruitment in the 1970’s, the catch is that they can all highly motivate themselves up a gum tree.
Type theory was an ugly kludge invented by Bertrand Russell to get round the fact that, in its unrestricted form, the Axiom of Comprehension leads immediately to inconsistencies of which Russell’s Paradox is the most famous. The "set of all sets that are not members of themselves” looks like a well-formed definition, but now consider that very set. If it does belong to itself, it doesn’t, and if it doesn’t, it does. Russell’s kludge was to stratify logical formulae into “types”, and impose the rule that a set could only belong to a set of higher type than itself. It worked well enough for him to finish the project of showing that mathematics could be developed from “purely logical foundations” that was the aim of his massive Principia Mathematica.
A few years later, however, Zermelo, Fraenkel and Skolem devised the current axioms of mainstream set theory, traditionally called ZFC “Zermelo-Fraenkel with (the Axiom of) Choice” (for some reason Skolem’s name always gets left out). The foundationalist programme became “mathematics is derivable from the axioms of ZFC and mathematical logic” instead of “mathematics is derivable from the Axiom of Comprehension, type theory and mathematical logic”. A lot of people are very happy with that, including me. The point of the foundational programme was to show that such a derivation was possible, not to argue that fractions were really ordered pairs of massively nested copies of the empty set. Once we have ZF, we don’t need the kludge that is types.
And there it should have died. Along with the biplane, the TOG tank, the Sinclair C5, airships and programmable calculators. All may have been wonderful and useful once, but the world has moved on. And the same goes for mathematical theories, which are developed to solve problems. Cantor’s set theory was not an attempt to fabricate a “new language for mathematics” but an attempt to understand the limit points of Fourier Series. It so happened it let other mathematicians re-state other theories in a clearer and more systematic way, which was why it was adopted so quickly. We still use it because it’s still the best way of stating many definitions and theorems. But as a subject on its own?
In its own right, set theory is an interesting for a) large cardinal theory, or b) Cohen forcing constructions for independence proofs and proving the existence of weird objects. These are not going to make your e-mails any safer or your pictures any less fuzzy any time soon. People work on set theory as they work on model theory, both of which John Bell drummed both into me back in the day, but I’m not going to sell you on the commercial benefits of saturated structures (generalisations of the idea of algebraically-closed fields). It’s interesting to some people, but it’s a creek off the main river of mathematics. The same goes for any foundational subject.
Category theory is foundational in that sense. It was devised to formalise proofs and constructions that occurred in multiple branches of mathematics, and to formalise the “X and Y have different fidget groups, but fidget groups are preserved under twiddles, so X and Y are not twiddle-equivalent” arguments that were appearing in algebraic geometry at the time. There’s some quiet satisfaction from the moment when you realise that an SQL inner join is really a pullback in disguise, but that knowledge does not make you a designer of more stylish queries. In the same way that, just because you can show that a folklore Haskell programming trick actually illustrates Kan Extensions, it doesn’t meant that knowing anything about Kan extensions will make you a slicker programmer. Academic computer scientists love their Haskell and their category theory, but if either was a pre-requisite for a job at Google, Business Insider would have run an article called “Here’s the far-out math theory you need for a job at Google" a long time ago.
And there’s one more thing. Type theories have, in general, a non-classical logic! (Except at the “-1” level, where you can do classical logic.) Would you have guessed? I have nothing against the study of multi-valued and modal logics, though again, I’m not sure I want my taxes to pay for it. I get (or did at the time I read about it) why it appears naturally as the “natural logic” of certain categories of sheaves, but that’s no more profound than saying that the “natural logic” of non-complemented lattices is non-classical, and nobody thought to do that. For some reason failure of the law of the excluded middle is seen as some kind of abstract virtue and I can’t help hearing alarm bells when it is so presented. It’s something to do with hair-shirts, I think. Maths goes better with the occasional non-constructive proof by contradiction.
I have no problem with what consenting mathematicians choose to talk about in the privacy of their conferences, though if it was me, I wouldn’t use a lot of taxpayer’s money to fund research into Univalent Foundations. Voevodsky is selling it as a theorem-prover, and that will aways get some attention, but you and I know that it wouldn’t help much even if it did produce an effective theorem-prover. Types can only capture a certain class of errors, not something subtle everyone has so far missed about about (say) Cohen-Macauly rings over finite fields.
So do you read the book and follow the work? Look, some people still swear by the λ-calculus for dealing with functions. I know it works. But anyone who actually used a λ-function in actual production code would find their code re-factored to get rid of it at the first opportunity. Ditto types: I’m sure the maths is impeccable. It’s the project that’s a little pointless.
The whole foundations thing was done in the early twentieth-century. The point of mathematics is to solve problems, and while the majority of those problems mostly still come from physics orgambling probability theory, some now come from cryptography, computing, biology and other sciences. Most are, in the end, to do with solving differential or difference equations. I’m going out on a limb here, but I’m pretty sure no-one is going to improve image-enhancement techniques with higher homotopy types.
Call me a rude mechanical but I’ve always thought that people who go in for type theories have missed a number of points. Yes I do know that Homotopy Type Theory is currently the subject of active research by people who are cleverer in their sleep on a bad day than I am awake on a good day, but as someone once remarked about the "highly motivated individuals" that were popular in recruitment in the 1970’s, the catch is that they can all highly motivate themselves up a gum tree.
Type theory was an ugly kludge invented by Bertrand Russell to get round the fact that, in its unrestricted form, the Axiom of Comprehension leads immediately to inconsistencies of which Russell’s Paradox is the most famous. The "set of all sets that are not members of themselves” looks like a well-formed definition, but now consider that very set. If it does belong to itself, it doesn’t, and if it doesn’t, it does. Russell’s kludge was to stratify logical formulae into “types”, and impose the rule that a set could only belong to a set of higher type than itself. It worked well enough for him to finish the project of showing that mathematics could be developed from “purely logical foundations” that was the aim of his massive Principia Mathematica.
A few years later, however, Zermelo, Fraenkel and Skolem devised the current axioms of mainstream set theory, traditionally called ZFC “Zermelo-Fraenkel with (the Axiom of) Choice” (for some reason Skolem’s name always gets left out). The foundationalist programme became “mathematics is derivable from the axioms of ZFC and mathematical logic” instead of “mathematics is derivable from the Axiom of Comprehension, type theory and mathematical logic”. A lot of people are very happy with that, including me. The point of the foundational programme was to show that such a derivation was possible, not to argue that fractions were really ordered pairs of massively nested copies of the empty set. Once we have ZF, we don’t need the kludge that is types.
And there it should have died. Along with the biplane, the TOG tank, the Sinclair C5, airships and programmable calculators. All may have been wonderful and useful once, but the world has moved on. And the same goes for mathematical theories, which are developed to solve problems. Cantor’s set theory was not an attempt to fabricate a “new language for mathematics” but an attempt to understand the limit points of Fourier Series. It so happened it let other mathematicians re-state other theories in a clearer and more systematic way, which was why it was adopted so quickly. We still use it because it’s still the best way of stating many definitions and theorems. But as a subject on its own?
In its own right, set theory is an interesting for a) large cardinal theory, or b) Cohen forcing constructions for independence proofs and proving the existence of weird objects. These are not going to make your e-mails any safer or your pictures any less fuzzy any time soon. People work on set theory as they work on model theory, both of which John Bell drummed both into me back in the day, but I’m not going to sell you on the commercial benefits of saturated structures (generalisations of the idea of algebraically-closed fields). It’s interesting to some people, but it’s a creek off the main river of mathematics. The same goes for any foundational subject.
Category theory is foundational in that sense. It was devised to formalise proofs and constructions that occurred in multiple branches of mathematics, and to formalise the “X and Y have different fidget groups, but fidget groups are preserved under twiddles, so X and Y are not twiddle-equivalent” arguments that were appearing in algebraic geometry at the time. There’s some quiet satisfaction from the moment when you realise that an SQL inner join is really a pullback in disguise, but that knowledge does not make you a designer of more stylish queries. In the same way that, just because you can show that a folklore Haskell programming trick actually illustrates Kan Extensions, it doesn’t meant that knowing anything about Kan extensions will make you a slicker programmer. Academic computer scientists love their Haskell and their category theory, but if either was a pre-requisite for a job at Google, Business Insider would have run an article called “Here’s the far-out math theory you need for a job at Google" a long time ago.
And there’s one more thing. Type theories have, in general, a non-classical logic! (Except at the “-1” level, where you can do classical logic.) Would you have guessed? I have nothing against the study of multi-valued and modal logics, though again, I’m not sure I want my taxes to pay for it. I get (or did at the time I read about it) why it appears naturally as the “natural logic” of certain categories of sheaves, but that’s no more profound than saying that the “natural logic” of non-complemented lattices is non-classical, and nobody thought to do that. For some reason failure of the law of the excluded middle is seen as some kind of abstract virtue and I can’t help hearing alarm bells when it is so presented. It’s something to do with hair-shirts, I think. Maths goes better with the occasional non-constructive proof by contradiction.
I have no problem with what consenting mathematicians choose to talk about in the privacy of their conferences, though if it was me, I wouldn’t use a lot of taxpayer’s money to fund research into Univalent Foundations. Voevodsky is selling it as a theorem-prover, and that will aways get some attention, but you and I know that it wouldn’t help much even if it did produce an effective theorem-prover. Types can only capture a certain class of errors, not something subtle everyone has so far missed about about (say) Cohen-Macauly rings over finite fields.
So do you read the book and follow the work? Look, some people still swear by the λ-calculus for dealing with functions. I know it works. But anyone who actually used a λ-function in actual production code would find their code re-factored to get rid of it at the first opportunity. Ditto types: I’m sure the maths is impeccable. It’s the project that’s a little pointless.
The whole foundations thing was done in the early twentieth-century. The point of mathematics is to solve problems, and while the majority of those problems mostly still come from physics or
Friday, 19 February 2016
And next up… a health report
I spent eighteen (18) hours asleep on Thursday. My Fitbit said so. I would sleep for maybe seventy or eighty minutes, sit on the side of my bed, get up by leaning against the wall, walk very carefully to the loo where I got rid of some water from one end and took some more on at the other. A very little bit more. I didn’t eat a thing. I had no appetite. I did not even want to get out of bed.
That was after taking Wednesday off because I had a fever and I couldn’t actually walk upstairs, but had to crawl on my hands and feet, and then grasp the balustrade as I got to the top. Still had to do that this morning, but managed to get out to Richmond for some lunch and to stock up on cough syrup and Lemsip. You would be amazed how few cough syrups are actually alcohol- or ethanol-free. I made it back just in time to lay on the couch for a rest. When my blood pressure drops so much that if I sit up too quickly I get very dizzy. I haven’t even eaten any chocolate, though I did have a Cote Creme Caramel.
If I spend an entire day in bed, it’s almost always because I’m recovering from food poisoning, but it wasn’t that. All I was doing on Tuesday afternoon was coughing slightly. I went to the gym and everything. Then at midnight I woke up and, looked at the clock and realised I wasn’t going anywhere for at least a couple of days. Hot, headachy and fever-dreams, you know, obsessional and meaningless.
It’s half-term. There were children on the train. It was also (effing) cold, so my immune system could have been operating at less than 100%. I blame the parents: they should have had the littledarlings back home, eating tea and watching Blue Peter by the time I got anywhere near a train. And the railway companies should spray all their evening trains with some nasty chemical that kills all known germs and viruses before we grown-ups get on. I have no idea what Vladimir Putin has infected your kids with this winter, but it’s a winner. Spray it over NATO forces, wait two days and he can take over Europe before lunch with a couple of divisions of marines.
When Donald Trump is President, there will be no more children on commuter trains. I bet Ivanka didn’t travel by train anywhere, anyday.
That was after taking Wednesday off because I had a fever and I couldn’t actually walk upstairs, but had to crawl on my hands and feet, and then grasp the balustrade as I got to the top. Still had to do that this morning, but managed to get out to Richmond for some lunch and to stock up on cough syrup and Lemsip. You would be amazed how few cough syrups are actually alcohol- or ethanol-free. I made it back just in time to lay on the couch for a rest. When my blood pressure drops so much that if I sit up too quickly I get very dizzy. I haven’t even eaten any chocolate, though I did have a Cote Creme Caramel.
(You don't eat this if your digestion is gippy)
If I spend an entire day in bed, it’s almost always because I’m recovering from food poisoning, but it wasn’t that. All I was doing on Tuesday afternoon was coughing slightly. I went to the gym and everything. Then at midnight I woke up and, looked at the clock and realised I wasn’t going anywhere for at least a couple of days. Hot, headachy and fever-dreams, you know, obsessional and meaningless.
It’s half-term. There were children on the train. It was also (effing) cold, so my immune system could have been operating at less than 100%. I blame the parents: they should have had the little
When Donald Trump is President, there will be no more children on commuter trains. I bet Ivanka didn’t travel by train anywhere, anyday.
Friday, 12 February 2016
Would younger viewers look at Godard and say “Well, I guess you had to be there at the time”?
A friend sent me this link to an edit of early Godard movies.
Godard in Fragments from Criterion Collection on Vimeo.
Inspired by this, and if it wasn’t a school night, I would stay up and watch La Chinoise and Two or Three Things I Know About Her. But it is, and I have the last two episodes of S7 of Sons of Anarchy to watch.
Watching this made me wonder: would younger viewers look at it and say “Well, I guess you had to be there at the time”? Or is the sheer style and innovation still clear today? Or does it come across as “Yeah, they did that avant-garde stuff in the 60’s. Have you seen Cremaster?"
Godard in Fragments from Criterion Collection on Vimeo.
Inspired by this, and if it wasn’t a school night, I would stay up and watch La Chinoise and Two or Three Things I Know About Her. But it is, and I have the last two episodes of S7 of Sons of Anarchy to watch.
Watching this made me wonder: would younger viewers look at it and say “Well, I guess you had to be there at the time”? Or is the sheer style and innovation still clear today? Or does it come across as “Yeah, they did that avant-garde stuff in the 60’s. Have you seen Cremaster?"
Tuesday, 9 February 2016
Jack Donovan’s The Way of Men
Jack Donovan is famous for the idea that men should operate in gangs, and for being gay while saying so. He should be famous for the distinction between "being a good man” and “being good at being a man”, because that is worthy of J L Austin himself, and for his identification of the four tactical virtues: strength, courage, mastery and honour.
What makes Donovan’s book refreshing is that he doesn’t blame feminism. Women only appear as sirens inviting men to wreck themselves on the rocks of all things soft and compromised. There’s a reason for that we’ve already mentioned.
His villain is modern technology and the post-industrial economy and society that it creates. This has removed most of the chances that men have to acquire and exercise the four tactical virtues: strength, courage, mastery and honour. Processes and mechanisation has removed the need for Mastery from all but a handful of mostly intellectual roles. Power steering means women can drive buses, so that Strength isn’t needed. An astonishing level of public safety and policing means that we can withdraw large sums of money from machines in the middle of the night on busy roads without a thought of being mugged - there goes Courage. The whole idea of Honour from one’s fellow man is a joke when equal opportunity legislation means he turns out to be a woman.
However, while this is the right criminal, it’s the wrong crime. Being good at being a man can’t depend on a particular mode of the economy or the exact arrangements in society. A man can have strength, courage, mastery and honour in most economies and societies - but it will look different in each one, and perhaps each may regard the others’ as un-manly.
Men aren’t compromised by feminism, or post-industrial society, or the Health and Safety at Work Act. Some are compromised by marriage, children and the need to earn a living. They may not always have been physically soft. Modern entertainment technology, plus the commuting that scatters workers to the four quarters at the end of the day, has probably lead to fewer chances for men to spend time with each other socially. But some men have always skived and tried to cheat each other: that’s why we have all the commercial law we have now. If bakers had never adulterated flour with chalk, I might have believed in a Golden Age of Manly Virtue, but they did and I don’t. There is no “crisis of manhood”, it’s always been this way, only the costumes change.
Acquiring and living the four tactical virtues is a personal project that a man pursues despite the economy he works in, the society he lives in, and the men he knows. He cannot suppose that the men around him want to be virtuous, nor that the society values virtue, nor that it will be rewarded. A man chooses to work towards being good at being a man because he cannot live as a compromised person. And it has always been this way.
Donovan does not think that men in post-modern Capitalism will ever act as a united political force. I agree. That leaves personal action, which always feels a little bathetic after some high-grade, wide-ranging social analysis.
What does a man do when he wants to become better at being a man? Donovan’s answer is to “start a gang”. Not as in the Sons of Anarchy, but as in a bunch of like-minded guys to do stuff with.
When you are on the end of a wrongful dismissal, you need a union or an employment lawyer, preferably one who knows some journalists. You need a criminal lawyer with a flair for publicity to handle that false rape accusation. When the pipes burst, you need a plumber, and when you break a bone, you need a surgeon. Your gang is unlikely to include one, and certainly won’t include all, of the specialists you need. You need huge amounts of personal fortitude to sustain the campaign, and your buddies can’t help you with that, beyond a few platitudes. Because you’re going to need a lot of cash or the ability to live on very little - and your buddies won’t help you with that. They are regular guys with regular jobs like you. Dealing with misfortune in post-modern capitalism isn’t like defending the village from raiders or saving the animals from a flood. When bad things happen in post-modern capitalism, you have to get to Krasnoyarsk with the kindness of strangers. And once you get back from Krasnoyarsk, you might hang out with the guys again, but they won’t be your gang. They will be a bunch of guys you shoot the breeze (or the paintball) with, but who, when the shit hit your fan, were no more help than some guy on the pavement last week.
That’s the difference between the mythical life of the savannah tribe and post-modern capitalism. In post-modern capitalism, each man needs his own Rolodex of useful contacts, from plumbers to employment lawyers, electricians to employment agents. He needs the time and skills to keep these contacts fresh, and any businessman will tell you that doing that can take a week or more from your month. He needs to have something useful to trade with these contacts: he needs to be in their Rolodexes. The principle is the same - he needs to demonstrate he can be useful to those other men - but the camaraderie will be missing.
Few people have those social skills. Which is why we had the Yellow Pages, and have Google now. Building that kind of Rolodex takes a long time the moment you live in a town much larger than about five thousand people. So let’s add “the social skills needed to build and maintain a rolodex” (I’m trying to avoid the n-word) to the list of tactical virtues, though it’s not one Aristotle would have recognised. His towns were small enough that “everyone” knew each other.
The Way of Men is one of the better books on masculinity today. But it still doesn’t understand just how corrosive post-modern capitalism is, and how it turns everything to its advantage.
Heck. Even Jack’s selling merchandise.
Being a good man has to do with ideas about morality, ethics, religion, and behaving productively within a given civilisational structure… Being good at being a man is about…showing other men that you are the kind of guy they’d want on their team if the shit hits the fan… [demonstrating] strength, courage, mastery [and] commitment… A man who is more concerned with being a good man than with being good at being a man makes a very well-behaved slave.What Donovan gets is that men want the good opinion and recognition of other men because only other men know what was involved, intellectually, personally and physically, in our achievement. Women’s opinions don’t count because women don’t care about the things that men care about: strength, courage, mastery and honour. Men don’t really care about their supervisor’s opinion of them because their supervisor doesn’t give a damn about anything but how well we fit in to the machine. (Tactically the opinions of supervisors and women matter, because life is easier if neither are bitching all the time, but one wouldn’t want to base one’s entire life around keeping the wife and boss happy. Would you?)
What makes Donovan’s book refreshing is that he doesn’t blame feminism. Women only appear as sirens inviting men to wreck themselves on the rocks of all things soft and compromised. There’s a reason for that we’ve already mentioned.
His villain is modern technology and the post-industrial economy and society that it creates. This has removed most of the chances that men have to acquire and exercise the four tactical virtues: strength, courage, mastery and honour. Processes and mechanisation has removed the need for Mastery from all but a handful of mostly intellectual roles. Power steering means women can drive buses, so that Strength isn’t needed. An astonishing level of public safety and policing means that we can withdraw large sums of money from machines in the middle of the night on busy roads without a thought of being mugged - there goes Courage. The whole idea of Honour from one’s fellow man is a joke when equal opportunity legislation means he turns out to be a woman.
However, while this is the right criminal, it’s the wrong crime. Being good at being a man can’t depend on a particular mode of the economy or the exact arrangements in society. A man can have strength, courage, mastery and honour in most economies and societies - but it will look different in each one, and perhaps each may regard the others’ as un-manly.
Men aren’t compromised by feminism, or post-industrial society, or the Health and Safety at Work Act. Some are compromised by marriage, children and the need to earn a living. They may not always have been physically soft. Modern entertainment technology, plus the commuting that scatters workers to the four quarters at the end of the day, has probably lead to fewer chances for men to spend time with each other socially. But some men have always skived and tried to cheat each other: that’s why we have all the commercial law we have now. If bakers had never adulterated flour with chalk, I might have believed in a Golden Age of Manly Virtue, but they did and I don’t. There is no “crisis of manhood”, it’s always been this way, only the costumes change.
Acquiring and living the four tactical virtues is a personal project that a man pursues despite the economy he works in, the society he lives in, and the men he knows. He cannot suppose that the men around him want to be virtuous, nor that the society values virtue, nor that it will be rewarded. A man chooses to work towards being good at being a man because he cannot live as a compromised person. And it has always been this way.
Donovan does not think that men in post-modern Capitalism will ever act as a united political force. I agree. That leaves personal action, which always feels a little bathetic after some high-grade, wide-ranging social analysis.
What does a man do when he wants to become better at being a man? Donovan’s answer is to “start a gang”. Not as in the Sons of Anarchy, but as in a bunch of like-minded guys to do stuff with.
You need to learn how to read each other and work together as a group. Go to the shooting range. Go hunting. Play paintball. Go to the gym. Take martial arts classes. Join a sports team. Take a workshop. Learn a useful skill. Get off your asses and do something. In harder times, the men that you do these kinds of things with are going to be the first men you call. They will be your gang. They will be your us.Errr, no. That’s not quite enough.
When you are on the end of a wrongful dismissal, you need a union or an employment lawyer, preferably one who knows some journalists. You need a criminal lawyer with a flair for publicity to handle that false rape accusation. When the pipes burst, you need a plumber, and when you break a bone, you need a surgeon. Your gang is unlikely to include one, and certainly won’t include all, of the specialists you need. You need huge amounts of personal fortitude to sustain the campaign, and your buddies can’t help you with that, beyond a few platitudes. Because you’re going to need a lot of cash or the ability to live on very little - and your buddies won’t help you with that. They are regular guys with regular jobs like you. Dealing with misfortune in post-modern capitalism isn’t like defending the village from raiders or saving the animals from a flood. When bad things happen in post-modern capitalism, you have to get to Krasnoyarsk with the kindness of strangers. And once you get back from Krasnoyarsk, you might hang out with the guys again, but they won’t be your gang. They will be a bunch of guys you shoot the breeze (or the paintball) with, but who, when the shit hit your fan, were no more help than some guy on the pavement last week.
That’s the difference between the mythical life of the savannah tribe and post-modern capitalism. In post-modern capitalism, each man needs his own Rolodex of useful contacts, from plumbers to employment lawyers, electricians to employment agents. He needs the time and skills to keep these contacts fresh, and any businessman will tell you that doing that can take a week or more from your month. He needs to have something useful to trade with these contacts: he needs to be in their Rolodexes. The principle is the same - he needs to demonstrate he can be useful to those other men - but the camaraderie will be missing.
Few people have those social skills. Which is why we had the Yellow Pages, and have Google now. Building that kind of Rolodex takes a long time the moment you live in a town much larger than about five thousand people. So let’s add “the social skills needed to build and maintain a rolodex” (I’m trying to avoid the n-word) to the list of tactical virtues, though it’s not one Aristotle would have recognised. His towns were small enough that “everyone” knew each other.
The Way of Men is one of the better books on masculinity today. But it still doesn’t understand just how corrosive post-modern capitalism is, and how it turns everything to its advantage.
Heck. Even Jack’s selling merchandise.
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